不同林分下土壤活性有机碳库研究

采样分析常绿阔叶林、马尾松林和人工杉木林不同层次土壤的活性有机碳含量。结果表明 :常绿阔叶林土壤微生物量碳和易氧化态碳含量高于马尾松与杉木林土壤 ,杉木林土壤水溶性碳含量相对较低。从不同层次看 ,土壤微生物量碳、易氧化态碳含量均随着土层深度加深而递减。水溶性碳、微生物量碳和易氧化态碳占总有机碳的比率分别波动在 0 31%～ 1 18%、0 90 %～ 2 5 1%和 7 0 3%～ 2 9 5 2 %之间 ,其中 ,土壤水溶性碳占总有机碳比率为马尾松林 >常绿阔叶林 >人工杉木林 ,易氧化态碳占总有机碳比率常绿阔叶林明显高于马尾松林和杉木林。不同土壤水溶性有机碳占总有机碳比率随剖面从上到下均表明出上升趋势 ,而易氧化态碳占总有机碳比率随剖面加深有规律地下降。土壤有机碳总量与各活性碳之间以及各类活性碳之间相关性均达到极显著水平。     

遮荫下2种热带树苗叶片光合特性和抗氧化酶系统对自然降温的响应

选取 2种遮荫条件下 (8%、2 5 %全光照 )西双版纳地区热带雨林上层树种滇南红厚壳和中层树种玉蕊的幼苗 ,测定了雨季末自然降温过程中 2种植物叶片光合特性、抗氧化酶 (SOD、CAT、APX)活性、丙二醛 (MDA)含量的变化。研究结果表明 :低温使 2种植物单位面积叶绿素含量和净光合速率明显下降 ,生长在中等光强下的幼苗比低光强下的幼苗下降的比率大 ,滇南红厚壳比玉蕊下降的比率大。在降温初期 ,即从 10月到 12月初 ,2种光强下 2种植物SOD和APX活性上升 ,CAT活性出现波动 ,黎明光化学效率和MDA含量基本没有变化 ,光合机构没有受到氧化破坏。 12月末 ,中等光强下滇南红厚壳黎明光化学效率降低 ,SOD和APX活性有所下降 ,MDA含量显著上升 ;而低光强下的滇南红厚壳和 2种光强下玉蕊SOD和APX活性仍在上升 ,MDA含量变化较小。这表明 ,2种光强下 2种热带树苗是以不同的方式响应自然降温 ,低温对中等光强下的植物比低光强下的影响大 ,上层树种滇南红厚壳受到的影响比中层树种玉蕊大。同时 ,根据降温过程中抗氧化酶活性和MDA含量的变化 ,大致可将西双版纳热带雨林幼苗对低温的响应分为 2个阶段 ,即第 1阶段为低温适应阶段 ,抗氧化酶活性上升 ,光合机构没有受到明显的氧化破坏 ;第 2阶段 ,中等光强下滇南红厚壳抗氧化酶     

Delignification of cell walls of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Chamaecyparis obtusa</Emphasis> during alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation

To clarify the behavior of whole lignins in wood cell walls during alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation, the delignification process from cell walls in normal and compression woods of Chamaecyparis obtusa Endl. (Cupressaceae) was observed using ultraviolet and transmission electron microscopies. The lignin content conspicuously decreased to around 10% after 35min in normal wood. The lignin content in compression wood finally leveled off at aroumd 10% after 50min. In gel filtration of oxidation products in ethyl acetate, a high molecular weight fraction was prominent in extracts from the early stage of the reaction. As the oxidation progressed, the high molecular weight fraction became less prominent in both normal and compression wood. Changes in the weights of cell wall residues during reaction indicated that approximately half of the components other than lignin were also removed from the cell walls. This shows that the majority of lignin with relatively high molecular weight is removed from the cell walls together with polysaccharides in the early stage of the reaction and that further oxidative degradation occurs in solution in later stages. Only a small amount of the lignin with low molecular weight could be analyzed by gas chromatography.Parts of this report were presented at the 47th (Kochi, April 1997) and 48th (Shizuoka, April 1998) Annual Meetings of the Japan Wood Research Society, and at the Lignin Symposium, Sapporo, October 1997     

2.25Cr-1Mo与铁铝合金高温抗氧化性能的对比研究

对2．25Cr-10钢与铁铝合金的高温抗氧化性能进行了对比研究。铁铝合金具有许多性能上的优点，尤其在其高温抗氧化性能方面。明显优于不锈钢、铬钼钢等传统的高温结构材料，并且随着温度的升高及铝含量的增加，其优势更加显著。     

厌氧生物水处理技术研究进展

在原有脱碳技术基础上,废水厌氧处理在其他领域的研究与应用被不断拓展.本文介绍了近年来厌氧生物处理技术的新发展,从理论和工艺两个方面,综述了厌氧生物脱硫、生物制氢、厌氧氨氧化、厌氧反硝化的原理、研究、技术开发与应用.     

高氨氮厌氧消化液后处理技术研究

采用SBR-絮凝沉淀-Fenton氧化-活性炭吸附组合工艺对高氨氮厌氧消化液的后处理进行实验研究.结果表明,当进水COD浓度为4516 mg·L^-1时,SBR出水COD可降为1752 mg·L^-1,去除率达到61.2%;絮凝沉淀出水COD浓度为1189 mg·L^-1,去除率为32.1%;Fenton氧化和活性炭吸附出水COD浓度分别为452和216 mg·L^-1,去除率分别为61.7%和52.7%.当进水NH3-N浓度2162 mg·L^-1时,SBR出水NH3-N浓度降至13.8 mg·L^-1,去除率为99.4%,NH3-N主要在该段去除.整个组合工艺对COD和NH3-N的去除率分别达到95.2%和99.9%,达到了很好的有机物和氨氮去除效果,在技术上是可行的.     

氧化塘深度对猪场厌氧消化液后处理的影响

采用小试装置对3个不同深度氧化塘处理猪场厌氧消化液的效果进行了研究,结果表明:当平均气温为21.9℃,停留时间在80 ～110天,进水负荷为0.05 m3·m-2d-1的条件下,氧化塘对NH4-N的去除率达到了90％以上,CODcr,TP的去除率分别为50％,40％.硝化作用和藻类的吸收是氧化塘去除NH4-N的主要方式,沉淀作用则是CODcr和TP的主要去除方式,在较长停留时间下,微生物对于溶解性CODcr的分解和同化也能提供一定的去除效果.当平均气温为21.9℃,在表面负荷为0.05 m3·m-2d-1的条件下,有效深度为0.3m和0.7m的氧化塘面积去除负荷分别为1.41 g·m-2d-1,1.49 g·m-2d-1,容积去除负荷分别为4.7g·m -3d-1,2.8g·m-3d-1.虽然较深氧化塘具有较高的面积去除负荷,但较浅的氧化塘却有更高的容积去除负荷.     

黑曲霉、荧光假单胞菌去除污水中重金属试验研究

将黑曲霉和荧光假单胞菌引入到传统的卡鲁塞尔氧化沟工艺模型中,参照规范中氧化沟的水力停留时间,分别选取12、16、20、24、28、32和36 h水力停留时间进行试验,研究了不同水力停留时间2种菌种对重金属Cd、Cr、Pb和Cu的吸附降解规律.对水力停留时间为36 h进行了接种对比试验研究.研究发现接种2种菌种后,当水力...     

木质素电氧化的影响因素研究

木质素是天然高分子聚合物，具有一定的化学反应惰性。本文率先研究草类木质素在膜助电解时的电化学氧化作用。其结果表明：膜助电解对黑液中的有机物具有一定的氧化作用，能使木质素中的芳环被氧化而打开；同时木质素的氧化作用与施加的电压、阳极的电极材料等因素有关。通过对木质素氧化产物结构的进一步研究，可为木质素的电化学改性提供了新的方法。     

Biochemical and histopathological studies to assess chronic toxicity of triazophos in blood, liver and brain tissue of rats

Triazophos, O,O-diethyl-1-H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl phosphorothioate, (TZ) is an organophosphorus pesticide which is extensively used in agriculture for controlling insect pests. Except a FAO/WHO report no study has investigated its short-term toxicity with respect to its potential to cause biochemical and histopathological alterations. The present study was designed to identify the effect of TZ at different doses (1.64, 3.2 and 8.2 mg/kg) on the oxidative stress parameters in blood as well as organs involved in xenobiotic metabolism (liver and brain) following chronic exposure for 90 days. Moreover, the study also delineates the effect of TZ on the histo-architecture of these organs. The results indicated a dose dependent induction (p < 0.001) of oxidative stress, as evident by increased malondialdehyde (MDA) level and compromised antioxidant defense including glutathione S transferase (GST) activity, glutathione (GSH) content and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) in blood, and increased MDA level with concomitantly decreased GSH content in tissues, following chronic exposure to TZ. The ratio of MDA: FRAP in blood was found to be increased following chronic exposure to TZ and may serve as a suitable indicator of severity of oxidative damage. Onset of such biochemical alterations is one of the early adaptive responses to TZ exposure which leads to histopathological alterations in terms of diffuse fatty changes expanding from mid-zonal area to whole lobule in liver. However, increased oxidative stress did not bring any morphological alteration in brain. The present study concludes that induction of oxidative stress, leading to subsequent histopathological alterations in liver, is an important mechanism underlying the TZ induced chronic toxicity.